Электрохимические конденсаторы

The energy characteristics of prototypes of supercapacitors with carbon fabric electrodes Busofit T-040 were studied depending on the concentration of aqueous solutions of sulfate, sodium iodide and their mixtures without and in the presence of a corrosion inhibitor of the nickel collector – benzotriazole. It was found that the specific capacity of devices based on sodium iodide is almost two times higher than in the case using sulfate media. Close values of specific capacitance were obtained in devices based on mixed electrolytes.

The work is devoted to the study of the electrochemical characteristics of prototype energy storage devices made on the basis of electrodes consisting of titanium-modified graphite woven material “busofit”. It is shown that the modification increases the specific values of the capacitance and the magnitude of the operating voltage.

The electrochemical behavior of Ti electrode in aqueous solutions containing Na₂MoO₄ + H₃PO₄ + chitosan was investigated by methods of potential – time (E–t) curves at cathodic polarisation in galvanostatic mode, currentless chronopotentiometry, optic microscopy, X­ray spectral analysis of surface and determining roughness by measuring the wetting angle.

The power sources of the lithium­-fluorinated carbon electrochemical system often fail to withstand forced discharges because of greater heat emission due to ohmic and polarizing losses, which leads to heating at the best, and to destruction of the element and failure of the equipment at the worst. Heat emission from the cells of the lithium manganese–dioxide system at forced discharges is 2–3 times less than from the similar cells of the lithium–fluorinated carbon system.

The efficiency of oxygen ionization in a lead-acid mock-up was studied using a separator based on an absorptive glass mat (AGM) and polymer non-woven fibrous materials based on F-2M polyvinylidene fluoride and polystyrene. Fibrous material obtained by capillary-free electrospinning. The technological and structural characteristics of the polymer material are investigated. It was found that the use of a sandwich polymer/AGM/polymer separator significantly increases the efficiency of oxygen ionization.

Using literature information about the temperature effect on the electrochemical behavior of electrodes based on LiFePO₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ being positive and negative electrodes of a lithium­ion battery, the discharge characteristics of batteries with such electrodes and various ratios of the amount of active material on the electrodes in the temperature range from ?15 to +60°C were calculated.

Various features of creation of the lithium­-fluorocarbon power sources were considered. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes, which were manufactured using various compositions of fluorocarbon and silver vanadate, were studied. It was found that the electrodes based on the mass ratio CF_x : SVO 82.5 : 7.5 show the best properties. The composite electrodes have significant advantages in discharge potential, capacity and stability compared with the fluorocarbon ones.

The electrochemical properties of C/MnO₂ composite materials in 1 M sodium sulfate solution were investigated using the methods of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes depend on the nature and the method of obtaining manganese oxide nanoparticles. It was established that the material containing manganese oxide obtained using isoamyl alcohol as a reducing agent has high electrochemical characteristics.