Литиевые электрохимические системы

The researches of behaviour of electrochemical systems organized by a method of direct contact of the Li-anode and a polymeric composite, including co-polymer polyacrylonitrile and organic semiconductor representing salt of thiopyrily with ClO₄^- and SnCl₆^2- anions are carried out. The basic electrochemical parameters of researched systems are determined.

Structural characteristics and morphology of the surface of dielectric deposits of V₂O₅, MnO₂, Co₂O₃ and binary oxide compounds V–Mn, Mn–Ni, Mn–Cr, Co–Ni and Co–Cr compounds were investigated. The probable mechanisms of their formation were considered.

The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of designing a valve-regulated nickel-cadmium KGL300P battery on the basis of the commercial lamellar-electrode KL300P battery with the use of a universal principle of compulsory oxygen pumping into the cadmium electrode's pores. The unwoven geotextile TU 8397-056-05283280-2002 linen of the Geocom A-200 brand can be used as a separator material in the design of such a battery.

A comparative study of electrochemical characteristics of alloy compositions hydrogensorbing type AB₅ – Nickel (as an activator, a conductive additive), depending on the size distribution of the components have been done. Results have determined that for simplification activation and increases of discharge capacity Metal-hydride an electrode the composition consisting of a powder hydrogensorbing of an alloy with the sizes of particles from 50 to 100 micrometers and the electroconductive additive with diameter of particles less 0,5 micrometers is optimum.

The properties of a contact corrosion layer (ККС), which appears on border of (preliminary oxidized) lead alloys with products of their anode oxidation and corrosion, were investigated by methods of impedance spectroscopy and on speed oxidation of ions Fe (II). It was found that the contact corrosion layers that appear on lead-antimony alloys have higher electronic conductivity. Alloying by tin and cadmium cause increase of conductivity contact corrosion layer (CCL) that appears on low-antimony lead alloys.

Some useful characteristics of the separators from glass-absorptive matrices produced by several manufacturers and intended for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries were studied, namely, compressibility, electrolyte capacity, capillary rise speed, oxygen absorption rate on the lead electrode, and hydrogen absorption rate on the lead-dioxide one. The usage of these separators provides forced pumping of the gases released (oxygen and hydrogen) to the absorptive electrode's pores and allows the oxygen and hydrogen ionization rates to be raised.

The review generalizes the literary data on physical-chemical and electrochemical properties of lithium-iron phosphate connected with perspectives of LiFePO₄ use as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and published up to 2009 inclusive.

The methods of increasing performances of cathode materials based on lithium-manganese spinel are discussed in this review. Next questions are examined: the reasons of LiMn₂O₄ degradation and the basic variants of problem solving including the doping of spinel matrix by metal cations; the substitution of oxygen in system Li–Mn–O by another anions; the creation of protective shell on the surface of particles; the preparation of different composites. The possibility of working substitution's spinel matrixes in 5 V domain are demonstrated.

The influence of the specific energy, service life, resource on relative cost decreasing of the chemical power sources is considered.

The analysis of existing methods of measurement of internal resistance of chemical current sources (CCS) was carried out. Their shortcomings were noted. The method of measurement of full internal resistance the CCS based on the analysis of transient characteristics of a charge from it of the condenser of known capacity is considered.