Литиевые электрохимические системы

The properties of a contact corrosion layer (ККС), which appears on border of (preliminary oxidized) lead alloys with products of their anode oxidation and corrosion, were investigated by methods of impedance spectroscopy and on speed oxidation of ions Fe (II). It was found that the contact corrosion layers that appear on lead-antimony alloys have higher electronic conductivity. Alloying by tin and cadmium cause increase of conductivity contact corrosion layer (CCL) that appears on low-antimony lead alloys.

Some useful characteristics of the separators from glass-absorptive matrices produced by several manufacturers and intended for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries were studied, namely, compressibility, electrolyte capacity, capillary rise speed, oxygen absorption rate on the lead electrode, and hydrogen absorption rate on the lead-dioxide one. The usage of these separators provides forced pumping of the gases released (oxygen and hydrogen) to the absorptive electrode's pores and allows the oxygen and hydrogen ionization rates to be raised.

The review generalizes the literary data on physical-chemical and electrochemical properties of lithium-iron phosphate connected with perspectives of LiFePO₄ use as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and published up to 2009 inclusive.

The methods of increasing performances of cathode materials based on lithium-manganese spinel are discussed in this review. Next questions are examined: the reasons of LiMn₂O₄ degradation and the basic variants of problem solving including the doping of spinel matrix by metal cations; the substitution of oxygen in system Li–Mn–O by another anions; the creation of protective shell on the surface of particles; the preparation of different composites. The possibility of working substitution's spinel matrixes in 5 V domain are demonstrated.

The influence of the specific energy, service life, resource on relative cost decreasing of the chemical power sources is considered.

The analysis of existing methods of measurement of internal resistance of chemical current sources (CCS) was carried out. Their shortcomings were noted. The method of measurement of full internal resistance the CCS based on the analysis of transient characteristics of a charge from it of the condenser of known capacity is considered.

Electric circuit of substitution of metal-ceramic oxide-nickel electrode pore that allows to make computer simulation of current distribution in the pore depth during asymmetrical current polarization and simulation results are given. The range of asymmetrical current parameters chosen due to the simulation results provides required current distribution in the pore depth with minimum cost of charging device that increases economic force of attraction of processing method implementation during manufacturing and exploitation of batteries with asymmetrical current.

The effect of some of factors on required power and energy supplying of lead-acid rechargeable battery during its exploitation in local electro energetic systems is considered.

Kinetic patterns of thin anodic films formation for Ti and Zr in organic mediums are investigated. Influence of solvent nature and polarization is discussed by role surface complex consideration in oxide films growth on this metals.

The effect of different lithium salts on the lithium behavior – cyclic cathode deposition and anodic dissolution – (cycling life) on stainless steel in sulfolane electrolytes is studied. It is shown that the overvoltage of electrode processes decreases in series LiBF₄ > LiCF₃SO₃ > LiClO₄ > Li₂S_n. Maximum coulomb efficiency and cycling life of lithium are obtained in lithium polysulfides electrolyte solution.