Щелочные аккумуляторы

Practical interest in redox flow batteries (RFB) has arisen in recent decades due to the intensive development of alternative energy (such as solar and wind) and the regulation of peak loads in industrial electrical networks. It turns out that large-scale energy storage devices to compensate for fluctuations in solar and wind energy generation and to reduce peak loads in industrial electrical networks and power supply systems for large households are more profitable when redox flow batteries are used.

The publications of the recent 15 years devoted to using lithium metal in rechargeable batteries are analyzed and their short overview is presented.

The results of the study of the electrochemical reduction of multilayer graphene oxide in the potentiostatic mode are presented and the possibility of using alkaline electrolyte (KOH) with the concentration below 0.1 M is shown. The identification of the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide was carried out using the XRD, FTIR and Raman-spectroscopy methods. Applying the method of Raman spectroscopy the increase in the intensity of the G and 2D bands, indicating the formation of few-layer forms of reduced graphene oxide was found.

The roll moulding of fillets from granules of an active mass impregnated with a liquid, and their consequent roll forming on- tape current collector is considered. The mathematical model of accounts of linear and angular velocities of rollers, taking into account a forward creep, backward creep and shrinkage of fillets is offered.

The problems of providing the reliable uninterrupted power supply of radio-electronic equipment using the ac power supply source as the primary power supply are examined. Hermetic NiCd accumulator battery with a long operating time is suggested as a standby power supply. The charging device scheme is developed providing the battery permanent readiness for operation. The device models have been manufactured and tested.

The possible mechanisms of cadmium shunting in nickel-cadmium batteries are analyzed. The transfer of the negative elektrode active mass to the interelectrode gap is shown to be the main cause leading to a short circuit. The complete or partial cathodic reduction of this mass results in the separator loosing its insulating ability and in an internal short circuit.

In the review devoted to centenary of Nickel-Zinc rechargeable cell, the following steps of its development are examined. The first step (1900-1970) includes the works in the field of selection of the rational manufacturing technology and the cell design for the possible fields of application and solution of the problems appeared at the joint functioning of zinc and nickel oxide plates.

The possibility for using of polyaniline (PAN) is investigated as the catalyst for oxygen reduction in Air – Metal batteries with Zn, Al and Mg anodes. The achieved characteristics of systems "O₂(PAN)-Zn" and "O₂(PAN)-Mg" allow one to consider their as the perspective systems for substitution of existing MnO₂-Zn and air – metal batteries in some fields of practical application.

A modem state of the batteries with the air electrodes is analysed. The problems of the oxygen reduction from an air and main ways of their solution are discussed. The primary air-Zn batteries types, their problems and solutions and application spheres are reported. The parameters of the mechanically rechargeable batteries with Zn and Al anodes are considered. The problems of the air and zinc electrically rechargeable electrodes and ways of their solution are discussed. The air-iron, air-zinc and air-metalhydride batteries parameters are reported.

The thermodynamic simulation of equilibriums in the system O₂ + СO₂ gas mixture – molten alkali carbonates has been performed. Two schemes were proposed to calculate the chemical equilibriums: CO₃^2- = О^2- + CO₂, O₂^2- = O₂^2- + 1/2O₂, 2O₂^- = О^2- + 3/2O₂.