Щелочные аккумуляторы

Having analyzed the energy balance of the thermal runaway it was shown that the thermal runaway is not due to an external source of current but due to powerful internal self-accelerating exothermal reaction. And this reaction takes place in quite accidental spots of the electrode starting from a point and spreading radially like in the process of burning.

The discussed in this article problem is concerned with improvement of Lithium-Ion Battery cathodes and anodes characteristics. The contribution of the most important key stages of technological preparation procedure into electrodes properties was discussed. The practical methods and recommendations trained on achievement of preferable electrochemical LIB characteristics were suggested.

Two sets of electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation were synthesized: PtSnX (X=Ni, Co, Mn, V) and RuM (M=Cr, Ti, Mn, V, W). It was shown by transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) that particle size of PtSnX metallic phase is equal to 2 – 2.5 nm and its specific surface area is 80-90 m²/g, which is close to structural performance of the commercial catalyst.

The basic questions and some features concerning purification and identification of the solvents, used in lithium power sources are considered. The universal scheme of preparation of the nonaqueous solvents is suggested. The techniques of preparation which guarantee a necessary grade of purity of the solvents for scientific and practical application for a row most frequently using aprotic solvents are described.

Work on decrease in losses of nickel at a stage mechanical operations of extraction of active mass from nickel pocket plate is lead at regenerative processing the alkaline accumulators removed from operation. The degree of extraction of nickel of 98% is achieved due to thermal processing nickel pocket plate as a result of which hydrate nickel (II), contained in a positive electrode material, passes in oxide nickel (II) – easily separated from metal a material.

HThe effect of the main structural parameters of the current collectors on efficiency of operation of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery was investigated.

The mock-up of nickel-metal hydride storage battery of filter-press type with rated voltage of 6 V and capacity of 1.7 A·h is assembled and tested. The capability of storage battery operation with bipolar nickel-metal hydride electrodes in a single case with common gas collector is demonstrated, and the problems, consideration of which will enable to enter on a battery prototype stage, are defined.

The probability of the thermal runaway in nickel-cadmium accumulators with lamellar electrodes has been studied experimentally. It has been shown that in electrodes of these accumulators that have long terms of service there is a great amount of hydrogen just as in the accumulators with metal-ceramic and striking electrodes. However, the thermal runaway in nickel-cadmium accumulators with lamellar electrodes is less probable than in the accumulators with metal-ceramic and striking electrodes.

Herein are considered some ways to improve the performance efficiency of sealed batteries of high capacity by providing uniform electrolyte distribution with battery height, increasing active mass utilization coefficient and limiting PCL effect.

It was described a featers of potentiostatic diagnostic method of nickel-oxide electrode active material. A relation between current of nickel-oxide electrode under potentiostatic polarization was found.