Щелочные аккумуляторы

Practical interest in redox flow batteries (RFB) has arisen in recent decades due to the intensive development of alternative energy (such as solar and wind) and the regulation of peak loads in industrial electrical networks. It turns out that large-scale energy storage devices to compensate for fluctuations in solar and wind energy generation and to reduce peak loads in industrial electrical networks and power supply systems for large households are more profitable when redox flow batteries are used.

The publications of the recent 15 years devoted to using lithium metal in rechargeable batteries are analyzed and their short overview is presented.

The results of the study of the electrochemical reduction of multilayer graphene oxide in the potentiostatic mode are presented and the possibility of using alkaline electrolyte (KOH) with the concentration below 0.1 M is shown. The identification of the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide was carried out using the XRD, FTIR and Raman-spectroscopy methods. Applying the method of Raman spectroscopy the increase in the intensity of the G and 2D bands, indicating the formation of few-layer forms of reduced graphene oxide was found.

The thermodynamic simulation of equilibriums in the system O₂ + СO₂ gas mixture – molten alkali carbonates has been performed. Two schemes were proposed to calculate the chemical equilibriums: CO₃^2- = О^2- + CO₂, O₂^2- = O₂^2- + 1/2O₂, 2O₂^- = О^2- + 3/2O₂.

Having analyzed the energy balance of the thermal runaway it was shown that the thermal runaway is not due to an external source of current but due to powerful internal self-accelerating exothermal reaction. And this reaction takes place in quite accidental spots of the electrode starting from a point and spreading radially like in the process of burning.

The discussed in this article problem is concerned with improvement of Lithium-Ion Battery cathodes and anodes characteristics. The contribution of the most important key stages of technological preparation procedure into electrodes properties was discussed. The practical methods and recommendations trained on achievement of preferable electrochemical LIB characteristics were suggested.

Two sets of electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation were synthesized: PtSnX (X=Ni, Co, Mn, V) and RuM (M=Cr, Ti, Mn, V, W). It was shown by transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) that particle size of PtSnX metallic phase is equal to 2 – 2.5 nm and its specific surface area is 80-90 m²/g, which is close to structural performance of the commercial catalyst.

The basic questions and some features concerning purification and identification of the solvents, used in lithium power sources are considered. The universal scheme of preparation of the nonaqueous solvents is suggested. The techniques of preparation which guarantee a necessary grade of purity of the solvents for scientific and practical application for a row most frequently using aprotic solvents are described.

Work on decrease in losses of nickel at a stage mechanical operations of extraction of active mass from nickel pocket plate is lead at regenerative processing the alkaline accumulators removed from operation. The degree of extraction of nickel of 98% is achieved due to thermal processing nickel pocket plate as a result of which hydrate nickel (II), contained in a positive electrode material, passes in oxide nickel (II) – easily separated from metal a material.

HThe effect of the main structural parameters of the current collectors on efficiency of operation of the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery was investigated.