Электролиты для химических источников тока

It is a review of foreign periodical literature on perspective anode materials for lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. The submitted data concern mainly to the period 1998-2003 The published data on lithium-accumulating composites alternative to traditional carbon systems are analyzed. Merits and demerits of electrodes made of tin oxides, tin, antimony, copper and iron intermetallides. as well as boron-, nitrogen- and silicon – containing anode materials are discussed

The state-of art of primary and secondary batteries with aluminum negative electrode, including aluminum-oxygen (air) batteries as well as batteries with positive electrodes based on various other oxidizers is considered.

Problems of power source standardization are discussed. Measures to stir up works in the field of technical regulation and standardization of domestic chemical power sources are proposed.

The paper presents a series of universal multifunctional computer-aided devices designed and manufactured at Buster-SPb Ltd. for testing of power sources in various modes. As a rule, testing stands have a module structure with the capability to reprogram charge-discharge modes by the user.

The capabilities of a Neva-Reglament testing laboratory designed for evaluation of the compliance of serial and novel power sources with a number of official requirements are shown, including safety requirements, resistance to external exposure, and non-specified attacks.

The experience of R&D Center AEK Ltd. of the design and production of nickel-cadmium batteries for medium and long discharge (M and L types) at reserve service is presented.

An important feature when using low-melting mixtures of halides of s-elements as a refiner of electrolytes for chemical power sources and thermal storage materials in thermal batteries is the amount of volume increase in the melting process which can be calculated by the formula [1]:
?V = ((Vк – Vж) / Vк)·100% = (?V/Vк)·100%,(1)

The production of pasted electrodes has been analysed. The equation which connects paste rheology, porous matrix and technologic parameters has been obtained. The approach optimises pasted electrode technology.

Thin film materials LiCoO₂, LiCoNi_xO₂, LiCoBi_xO₂, LiCoFe_xO₂ was prepared by extraction-pyralytic technique. Their properties were studied by DTA, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy an cyclic time-voltage measurements. We established that receiving materials have well electrochemical characteristics. Extraction-pyralytic technique can be recommended as a perspective technique for thin film lithium batteries production.

It is shown that at small discharging currents for any nickel-cadmium (NC) accumulator the empirical relationship by Khaskina- Danilenko is true and at large discharging currents the relationship by Shepherd is correct. These two relationships don't contradict each other but supplement each other, as they are true for any NC accumulator, each in its interval of discharging currents.