Электролиты для химических источников тока

It has been established experimentally that during the thermal runaway a approximately ten times less of hydrogen is given off from sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators than from not sealed accumulators of the same capacity and same type of electrodes. Through the thermal decomposition it was shown that in electrodes of sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators having long periods of operation there is a great amount of hydrogen. However a approximately ten times less of hydrogen is given off from sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators than from not sealed accumulators.

Discharge capacity of the synthesized by the authors electrolytic iron sulfides with the structure of Fe₃S₄, FeS in the models of lithium power sources with the gel electrolytes based on polyvinylchloride, lithium salts of LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃ or LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ and propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizer is 240–300 mA·h.g^–1 at cycling within the 2.8–1.1V range that is similar to the values reached in liquid-phase PC (LiClO₄) electrolyte.

Results of X-ray and electrochemical analyses of properties of the Ti-Zr-Ni powders obtained by the volumetric electric-spark dispersion method in water, alcohol, kerosene, liquid nitrogen and liquid argon are represented. An influence of the working liquids and parameters of discharge pulses on the chemical composition, phase-structural state, electrochemical characteristics and electrical capacity of the obtained powders are considered.

It is a review of foreign periodical literature on perspective anode materials for lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. The submitted data concern mainly to the period 1998-2003 The published data on lithium-accumulating composites alternative to traditional carbon systems are analyzed. Merits and demerits of electrodes made of tin oxides, tin, antimony, copper and iron intermetallides. as well as boron-, nitrogen- and silicon – containing anode materials are discussed

The state-of art of primary and secondary batteries with aluminum negative electrode, including aluminum-oxygen (air) batteries as well as batteries with positive electrodes based on various other oxidizers is considered.

Problems of power source standardization are discussed. Measures to stir up works in the field of technical regulation and standardization of domestic chemical power sources are proposed.

The paper presents a series of universal multifunctional computer-aided devices designed and manufactured at Buster-SPb Ltd. for testing of power sources in various modes. As a rule, testing stands have a module structure with the capability to reprogram charge-discharge modes by the user.

The capabilities of a Neva-Reglament testing laboratory designed for evaluation of the compliance of serial and novel power sources with a number of official requirements are shown, including safety requirements, resistance to external exposure, and non-specified attacks.

The experience of R&D Center AEK Ltd. of the design and production of nickel-cadmium batteries for medium and long discharge (M and L types) at reserve service is presented.

An important feature when using low-melting mixtures of halides of s-elements as a refiner of electrolytes for chemical power sources and thermal storage materials in thermal batteries is the amount of volume increase in the melting process which can be calculated by the formula [1]:
?V = ((Vк – Vж) / Vк)·100% = (?V/Vк)·100%,(1)