Электролиты для химических источников тока

The work presents the results of the study of the anodic behavior of aluminum alloy E-AlMgSi (aldrey) with gallium, in the medium of 0.03; 0.3 и 3.0% NaCl electrolyte. The corrosion-electrochemical study of alloys was carried out using the potentiostatic method. It was shown that doping E-AlMgSi (aldrey) with gallium increased its corrosion resistance by 20%. The main electrochemical potentials of the alloys when doping with gallium are shifted to the positive range of values, and at the concentration of sodium chloride to the negative values of the ordinate axis.

The flash point tester PE-TVZ was modernized. The sample volume was reduced from 70 to 5 ml. Mixing of the condensed and gas-vapor phases was done simultaneously. The mercury thermometer was replaced by an electronic one. The correctness of the flash point measurement by the modernized device was tested on the samples with the flash point in the range of 25–170°C.

Solutions of AlCl₃, in solvent mixtures: thionyl chloride – sulfur dioxide, thionyl chloride – nitromethane, thionyl chloride – methyl acetate, thionyl chloride – propylene carbonate had investigated by means NMR ²⁷Аl spectroscopy under 293 K.

A physicochemical study was made on solutions of a number of lithium salts in diethyl carbonate (DEC) within -20+60°C by means of isothermal saturation, densimetry, and conductometry. The solid phase composition in saturated solutions for LiBF₄, LiPF₆, and LiCIO₄ in DEC were determined. The solubility of the crystal solvates LiBF₄·DEC and LiPF₆·2DEC increases with temperature while the temperature dependence of the LiCIO₄·2DEC goes through an extremum.

Conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) produced from weakly agglomerated nanopowder investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. Dense ceramic samples with grain size from 90 to 800 nm were made by variation of both pressing and sintering conditions. It is found that the bulk conductivity is independent of grain size, but grain boundary conductivity is depended. Observed grain boundary resistance increases with grain size. It is in contradiction with previous results observed for range 1–18 μm where grain boundary resistance decreases with grain size.

It has been established experimentally that during the thermal runaway a approximately ten times less of hydrogen is given off from sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators than from not sealed accumulators of the same capacity and same type of electrodes. Through the thermal decomposition it was shown that in electrodes of sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators having long periods of operation there is a great amount of hydrogen. However a approximately ten times less of hydrogen is given off from sealed nickel-cadmium accumulators than from not sealed accumulators.

Discharge capacity of the synthesized by the authors electrolytic iron sulfides with the structure of Fe₃S₄, FeS in the models of lithium power sources with the gel electrolytes based on polyvinylchloride, lithium salts of LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃ or LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ and propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizer is 240–300 mA·h.g^–1 at cycling within the 2.8–1.1V range that is similar to the values reached in liquid-phase PC (LiClO₄) electrolyte.

Our experience of the design and application of power sources based on various electrochemical systems for surface and rocket-borne power systems of modern and promising rocket-space vehicles, submarine vehicles, electronic hardware, and other objects with high specific requirements to power sources is presented.

In the paper are presented results of studies and design of air-aluminum chemical power sources carried out jointly by Moscow Aircraft Institute and AltEn Corp.; several fields of effective application of these power sources are listed, a technological scheme of reaction product utilization and waste electrolyte regeneration is shown.