Электролиты для химических источников тока

The state-of-the-art trends of the world market development of chemical power sources and the battery industry in Russian Federation are analyzed. Russian plants making industrial chemical power sources are shown to be competitive at the domestic market. For successful development of this industry in Russian Federation its government support and common efforts of all the designers and producers, new material creators and consumers are needed. The appeared national power sources producer association RusBat should become such a uniting body.

The Russian market of automotive batteries is analyzed, some directions of its development and protection are shown. 

The status and structure of the stationary battery park in the Russian Federation are analyzed. The enterprises of the Atomic Power Ministry, Ministry of Defence, YeES Rossii Corp., Gasprom Corp., ZhD Rossii Corp., regional (municipal) power systems, communication services, transport, metro, heavy and medium engineering works are the main consumers of this kind of power sources.

The status and development of the market of chemical power sources based on new electrochemical systems in comparison with other power sources are analyzed. 

The state-of-the-art of the VRLA development at Electrotyaga Ltd. and the outlook of VRLA production are analyzed. VRLA are shown to be batteries of a new generation, so an own research basis is needed for their designing, including the development of: i) new active and construction materials; ii) new principles of design in view of special requirements to hermetic systems; iii) new charging strategies.

The paper analyses the state-of-the-art of the development of electrochemical supercapacitors, their fields of application are outlined, the capabilities of domestic and foreign designers and producers are compared.

In the present paper the ways of decrease power consumption of the process of producing electrochemically active hydroxide of nickel(II) ensuring minimum loss of product during its production are reviewed. The results of the tests of new equipment and the improved techniques of washing out Ni(OH)2 from sulphate-ions are adduced.

The question of replacing the widely used electrolyte based on lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has been increasingly raised recently, due to the latter being environmentally unfriendly and toxic. The review of studies published since 2002 presents various methods for obtaining LiBOB salt in detail, which is promising for use in electrolyte composition. The effect of adding LiBOB to the basic electrolyte salt (LiPF6) was analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using LiBOB salt as a basic component for various electrolytes were considered.

The work is dedicated to the development of a prototype of a solid-state lithium battery based on the nanocomposite polymer gel-electrolyte with the introduction of up to 50 wt.% of the ionic liquid (1-ethyl3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), which remains liquid up to the decomposition temperature of 320°C. For this purpose, the organic cathode material– poly(phenylphenazine) was chosen, into which a tetrafluoroborate anion was intercalated during oxidation of their functional groups.