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A structural model of the alkaline accumulator that takes into account self-discharging is suggested from which all the well-known empirical dependences were obtained. It was shown that the existing empirical dependences describing the process of self-discharging in alkaline accumulators don't contradict one another but supplement each other as they are true, each in its interval of discharging time.

Problems of using fuel cells as both electric and heat energy sources are reviewed. Such "hybrid" fuel cells possess enhanced net efficiency up to 90%. Some examples of fuel cells sets use in dwelling from small cottages up to multi-storey hotels are presented.

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Having analyzed the energy balance of the thermal runaway it was shown that the thermal runaway is not due to an external source of current but due to powerful internal self-accelerating exothermal reaction. And this reaction takes place in quite accidental spots of the electrode starting from a point and spreading radially like in the process of burning.

Our experience of the design and application of power sources based on various electrochemical systems for surface and rocket-borne power systems of modern and promising rocket-space vehicles, submarine vehicles, electronic hardware, and other objects with high specific requirements to power sources is presented.

In the paper are presented results of studies and design of air-aluminum chemical power sources carried out jointly by Moscow Aircraft Institute and AltEn Corp.; several fields of effective application of these power sources are listed, a technological scheme of reaction product utilization and waste electrolyte regeneration is shown.

A technology for hydrometallurgical processing of lamellar nickel-oxide electrodes is proposed to increase the nickel usage efficiency at production of alkaline batteries with simultaneous reduction of environmental pollutions.

The possibility to design hermetically-sealed nickel-cadmium high-capacity batteries with a pressure inside not higher than 0.2 atmex for carriages is shown.

Possible cases of iron pollution of the active masses of lamellar-type nickel-oxide electrodes in nickel-iron and nickel-cadmium-iron batteries are analyzed on the basis of our own studies as well as literature data.

On the basis of cells Escherichia coli the microbial mediator anode is developed for process of oxidation of glucose and conditions of its work in a model of a microbial fuel cell in which as the cathode it is used dioxideleaden electrode are optimized.