-

A modem state and development perspectives of the primary and secondary batteries, some problems and main fields of their application are considered. It is shown that the batteries are dynamic types of engineering, which are developing very quickly and receiving a wide application.

Plenty of papers that concern on techniques of the chemical diffusion coefficient (D) determination and D values in anodic and cathodic materials for Li-ion batteries are reviewed. There are considerable discrepancies in the difference reports about the diffusion coefficient values and their concentration dependencies in various materials. Strong influence of composition, micro- and macrostructure of the materials ts a reason of the discrepancies as well as unequal reliability of different techniques for D obtaining.

The researches of behaviour of electrochemical systems organized by a method of direct contact of the Li-anode and a polymeric composite, including co-polymer polyacrylonitrile and organic semiconductor representing salt of thiopyrily with ClO₄^- and SnCl₆^2- anions are carried out. The basic electrochemical parameters of researched systems are determined.

Analysis of the active materials volume changes during the discharge of lead-acid cells is adduced. Relationships which allow to predict the electric characteristics of cells through electrolyte parameters at the beginning and at the end of discharge are determined. Submitted equations can be used for designing of lead-acid cells for various purposes, as well as for the mathematical treatment of experimental results during the testing of cells.

The processes in nickel-zinc rechargeable cell, namely zinc mass transfer from the negative plate to the positive one and its inroduction into the structure of nickel hydroxide which leads to the nickel oxide plate degradation, have been investigated. The retarding ways of these processes permitting to the provide the stability of the characteristics and to increase the rechargeable cell service life have been determinated.

The kinetics of electrodiffusion processes in the lithiated carbon electrodes was investigated. A small-signal pulse potentiostatic method is employed for the estimation of lithium-in-carbon diffusion rate. Dependence of lithium chemical diffusion coefficient on the lithium concentration was recorded in potential range from 0.01 to 1 V vs Li/Li⁺, the values between 0 5·10^-10 and 1.5·10^-9 cmVs were registered. Temperature influence on the diffusion process in the lithiated carbon electrodes was studied.

Effect of polymer binder nature of positive electrodes on the Li-S batteries cycling was studied. It is shown that the sulfur electrodes with «active» hinders have better performance than sulfur electrodes with «inert» binder. The application of «active» binders allows improving the charge-discharge performance of sulfur electrodes and increasing the cycling life of lithium-sulfur batteries.

The rise of discharge voltage was determined when using the starter regime of acid accumulator battery with the decrease of separator resistance.

The possibility of accounting of asymmetrical alternating current of different frequency total internal resistance of standby lead-acid cell is described.

A research of parameters of battery formation process and characteristics of lead-acid starter batteries is carried out. It is determined that use of water cooling of batteries and pulse current of higher density reduces duration of battery formation up to 2.5 times and decreases power consumption and gassing from the batteries. Electrical characteristics of formed batteries have been improved, their lifetime and vibration resistance have leinained without degradation.