Кислотные аккумуляторы

The article presents a universal combined model of the electrochemical battery, built on the basis of the modified Shepherd equation and the kinetic model. The proposed model provides the adequate mapping of the basic characteristics of the battery in operating mode, taking into account the physical constraints of the capacity available. The results of verification of the developed mathematical model using lead-acid and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries are presented.

A brief analysis of the current situation in the development of lithium-ion batteries in Russia and all over the world has been carried out. The conclusion is made that Russia produces only a basis point of lithium-ion batteries in the world. It is predicted that Russian production of lithium-ion batteries may increase up to 0.2% in the world by 2030.

The electrochemical characteristics of the negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery with additives of carbon nanotubes and graphene were studied. It was shown that the highest values of the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes were obtained by adding carbon nanotubes to the negative active mass. The processes occurring on the negative electrode were studied by the method of impedance spectroscopy. Applying simulation, an equivalent electrical circuit was obtained, which adequately approximated the obtained frequency dependences.

The influence of the ultrasonic field on lead dioxide electrodeposition from nitrate electrolyte was studied. The adsorption of electroactive particles and the amount of nucleation on the electrode surface were found to have increased as well as the formation of OH-radicals accelerated under the influence of the ultrasonic field.

The paper deals with some questions concerning carbonization and decarbonization of alkaline electrolyte in matrix fuel cell (FC). It is shown that there is an equilibrium ultimate level of carbonization that depends on CO₂ content in gases delivered into FC and FC electric loading. Electrolyte decarbonization takes place at the increase of FC load current with CO₂ emission at hydrogen electrode end. The possible mechanisms of electrolyte carbonization and decarbonization are suggested.

Search algorithm based on the phase trees of the multicomponent systems for compositions with given properties (melting temperature, melting enthalpy, electroconductivity, etc.) was developed. The algorithm was evaluated on a tetracomponent reciprocal system Li,K||F,Br,WO₄. Ternary system LiF–LiBr–Li₂WO₄, ternary reciprocal system Li,K||Br,WO₄, stable secant triangle LiF–Li₂WO₄–KBr and stable tetrahedron LiF–LiBr–Li₂WO₄–KBr were experimentally investigated.

The electrochemical and electrocatalitical properties of halogen-containing complexes of cobalt tetraphenylporphine are investigated in alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetry method. Values of Redox potential of central ion metal and organic ligand are received. Electrochemical activity of molecular oxygen electroreduction is stated.

Phase composition, electric conductivity, stability of characteristics of a number ofspecimens of systems ZrO₂-Sc₂O₃ (4.5–6.0 mol. %) and with addition 1 mol.% CeO2, prepared by usual ceramic method at the sintering temperature of 1800°С (in a vacuum) with subsequent annealing at the temperature of 1150°С (in air) were investigated by methods of X-ray investigation, temperature dependence of electric conductivity (350–750°C), cyclic resort tests at the temperature of 700°C.

The intention of this work was to study transport properties of lithium conducting composite polymer electrolytes. The study was carried out on the polyvinylidenefluoride – hexafluorpropylene containing Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ solid electrolyte over the range 20 to 80% (vol.) at 20–150°C. It was established that activation energy of lithium conductivity increases with fraction of copolymer. It has been found that concentration dependence of conductivity obeys the modified equation of mixing.