Кислотные аккумуляторы

One of the key steps to improve environmental situation is reducing pollutants released by automobiles. As of now, electric cars are the most commonly used type of eco-friendly vehicles. However, having a limited travel range they require an infrastructure system of charging stations to operate. Moreover, while electric vehicles don’t produce negative emissions directly they can still contribute to pollution if their energy is generated using fossil fuels.

The effect of carbon materials of two types was studied: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (“Art-nano” of the NSU “S” brand (TU BU 690654933.001.-2011)) and multilayer graphene (“Art-nano GT” (TU BU 691460594.004–2017), and modifications by treatment with ozone and dimethylformamide (manufacturer LLC Advanced Research and Technology, Belarus) on the structural characteristics, capacity and utilization of the active mass of the negative electrode of a lead-acid battery.

The comparison of performance of positive electrodes of lithium-sulfur batteries made using the binders based on fluoroplastic (PVDF Solef 5310 and Kynar) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) was carried out. The electrodes made using PVDF Kynar or limited amounts of PEO were shown to have certain advantages. It was also found that electrodes with PEO had an increased specific capacity during the initial period of cycling, whereas electrodes with Kynar were characterized by the minimum capacity fading during cycling.

Electrochemical characteristics of electrodes based on various carbon materials such as expanded graphite, nanotubes, black carbon for hybrid supercapacitors C/PbO₂ with acid electrolyte were investigated. It was shown that the highest values of the capacitive characteristics were obtained using TUBALL graphene nanotubes (LLC OCSiAl.ru, Novosibirsk).

The short review is devoted to the description of the effect of adding vinylene carbonate into the electrolyte of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries on the structure and properties of passive films on electrodes and on the behavior of batteries accordingly. The reviewed literature covers the works of the last 20 years mainly.