Кислотные аккумуляторы

This paper is devoted to the investigation of main peculiarities of hydrogen evolution reaction on the electrodeposited Ni-P alloys in deaerated 0.05M H₂SO₄ solution. It was established that polarization decreases and the rate of HER increases significantly with rising of phosphorus content from 0 to 12.6 wt.%. The experimental data were interpreted from the point of structure and real surface area of the deposited coatings as well as reaction mechanism.

Lithiated iron phosphate and thin-film amorphous silicon are used for positive and negative electrodes of lithium-ion battery, correspondingly. Laboratory samples of flexible lithium-ion batteries are manufactured and tested with load 0.4 mA. This load corresponded to current density of 1 A/g for negative electrode and 23 mA/g for positive one. The samples were cycled in the voltage range 2.3 to 3.48 V. Energy density of the sample amounted up to 100 W·h/l. Capacity fading was ca. 0.08% per cycle for 500 cycles.

Modern thin-film lithium-ion batteries are overviewed. Special attention is focused at technology of thin-film electrodes manufacturing.

Through the thermal decomposition it was shown that in electrodes of nickel-cadmium accumulators having long periods of operation there is a great amount of hydrogen. For example, in the accumulator НКБН-25-УЗ having a five year's period of operation there are approximately 805 litres of hydrogen.

The behavior of electrolytically deposited Pb and Zn in 40% perchloric acid at temperatures ranging from 30°C – +55°C. It is established that the electrochemical system Zn/HClO₄/PbO₂ has a higher discharge voltage and specific capacity compared to the system РЬ/НClO₄/РЬO₂. It is shown that in the temperature range from 0°C to +55°C the specific capacitance of the investigated electrochemical systems vary slightly.

Influence of the carbon additive in negative active material (NAM) on a resource of the lead-acid batteries working in a partial state of charge mode is studied. Extreme character of dependence of speed of degradation NAM from the maintenance in it of carbon is confirmed. Perceptivity of introduction of the carbon additive in negative electrodes of the lead-acid batteries working at partial state of charge mode is demonstrated.

The paper treats effective formation of lead-acid batteries with pulse asymmetric current with the aid of a specially designed source of powerful pulses getting through a transformer from a 50 Hz alternating supply line. Our mode of formation with pulse asymmetric current provides a reduced gas release and low electrolyte heating. On the basis of the dependence of the electrolyte density on the first-cycle formation duration, a conclusion has been made of more effective formation of batteries being charged with pulse asymmetric current with frequencies of 25 and 50 Hz.

Strategy of the accelerated mode of the charge, including constant current charge to 80 % state-of-charge and a pulse charge by asymmetric current to a full charge is offered. Results of the first investigation phase devoted to studying of influence of a mode constant current charge on a resource of lead-acid accumulators are presented in this work. Various influence of size of an initial charge current on degradation of positive and negative active materials and possibility of charge of the accumulator to 80 % state-of-charge for 0.5 h is demonstrated.

The most important structural and physicomechanical properties of absorbent glass mat separators «Hollingswoth and Vose», «Bernard Dumas», «BMSK AT Nippon» intended for lead-acid battery (LAB) are studied. It is shown that on pore size distribution strong influence puts the enclosed pressure: at compression 50 kPa there is a considerable reduction of the size of a pore. However for the separation material «BMSK AT Nippon» the share of pores with radius from 5 to 10 microns is much higher, than for the separation materials «Hollingswoth and Vose» and «Bernard Dumas».

Electrochemical properties of Pb-Sn-Ca-Al-Ва alloys with the various content of barium are studied. It is established that the additive of barium reduces electrochemical activity of alloys at their cycling, and also reduces hydrogen and oxygen overvoltage.