Топливные элементы

Thermostable proton exchange membranes for fuel cells are overviewed. Three groups of the membrane are described: modified membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid, alternative sulfated polymers and corresponding composite membranes, acid-alkali polymer membranes.

Electrochemical activity of electrodes for electrolysis of water is investigated. As catalysts coating Ni-S-Co, suspension LaNi_2.5Co_2.4Al_0.1 or their combinations were applied. As electrolyte at test of electrodes 30% KOH or NaOH is used. Current density varied in a range from 10 to 600 мА/cm² at temperature 20-80°C. When the temperature increases from 20 to 80°C the current density on cathodes with composite LaNi2.5Co2.4Alo.i/Ni-S-Co catalyst increases 4 times at constant potential E = –1.10 V (rel. Hg/HgO).

The phase composition, thermal coefficient of linear expansion and electrical conductivity of r_1.85Sr_0.15Ni_1-xCu_xO₄ (0.0; 0.1; 0.5; 0.9 и 1), Pr₂NiO₄ and Pr₂CuO₄ are investigated at air in the temperature range 100-1000°C.

The effect of new kind of the separator, with the glassmat on the positive plate, which pressing the active mass, and new alloys for positive grid on efficiency of service characteristics (starting capacity, the electrolyte level changing under the charging and discharging) was investigated.

It is shown, that activation-ohmic items in empirical equations by Shepherd, Khaskina-Danilenko, Shepherd-Dasoyan, Romanov is abnormally describe of activation-ohmic processes at the discharge of accumulators a direct current. New expression U = RI + A ln(BI + 1) matching is offered to experimental data.

It has been shown that while in service of nickel-cadmium accumulators in their electrodes is collects a great amount of hydrogen.

Energy and power characteristics of supercapacitors with aqueous electrolyte and electrodes based on a carbonic material obtained of vegetal raw materials are investigated. Conditions for carbonization of the considered kinds of raw materials as well as a technology of the activation of the carbonized materials are established. It is shown that the activated materials prepared of corn smut and corn stigmas have high energy and power characteristics.

On base of voltammetric and chronovoltametric researches is carried out comparison of energy – power characteristics of electrodes made from single walls carbon nano- tubes (SWCNT) and from meso- porous carbon activated of FAS trade mark. High reversibility the charge processes for SWCNT it is discovered. The value of the interval of electrolyte decomposition potentials for SWCNT in sulfuric acid solutions exceeds 1.4 V. It is offered the power electrochemical superсapacitor, having specific power 20 kW/kg and specific energy 1 Wh/kg.

In order to attain a higher conductivity of phase Li₈ZrO_6, which has the relatively higher conductivity and chemical stability to lithium the effect of substitution of Zr-sublattice was investigated. The homogeneous region of the solid solutions Li₈Zr_{1 – x}Ce_xO₆ was 0 ? x < 0.07.

Using the method of electrochemical noise the processes proceeding on no polarized Li electrode in a stationary condition and during its polarization in different aprotic organic electrolytes are investigated. By the analysis of Li electrode noise characteristics it is confirmed, that electrochemical process at cathodic and anode polarization is localized under passivated film.