ISSN 1608-4039 (Print)
ISSN 1680-9505 (Online)

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Kulova T. L., Skundin A. M. Optimization problems of electrochemical system of anode-free sodium batteries. Electrochemical Energetics, 2026, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 5-12. DOI: 10.18500/1608-4039-2026-26-1-5-12, EDN: NJWTJY

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
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Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Hydrogen energy
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
544.6:621.355
DOI: 
10.18500/1608-4039-2026-26-1-5-12
EDN: 
NJWTJY

Optimization problems of electrochemical system of anode-free sodium batteries

Autors: 
Kulova Tat'yana L'vovna, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of A. N. Frumkina of RAS
Skundin Aleksandr Mordukhaevich, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of A. N. Frumkina of RAS
Abstract: 

When cycling anode-free sodium batteries, unbalanced volumetric changes in opposite electrodes arise. This problem leads to volumetric changes in the whole battery. While charging the negative electrode, the volume increase corresponds to 0.88 cm3 /A·h. The current study evaluates the volume decrease while charging the positive electrodes which are based on sodium vanadophosphate, sodium fluorovanadophosphate, sodium hexacyanoferrate, and sodiated iron sulfide Na1.5FeS2. The conclusion is made that having compared the volumetric changes, the energy density and the average discharge voltage of the batteries used in these electrochemical systems, it is impossible to clearly select the optimal version.

Key words: 
anode-free sodium battery
volumetric changes
electrochemical system
sodium vanadophosphate
sodium fluorovanadophosphate
sodium hexacyanoferrate
sodiated iron sulfide
Acknowledgments: 
The study was supported by a grant from Russian Science Foundation No. 25-13-00125, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-13-00125/
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Received: 
01.12.2025
Accepted: 
30.01.2026
Published: 
31.03.2026