литий-ионные аккумуляторы

A brief analysis of the current situation in the development of lithium-ion batteries in Russia and all over the world has been carried out. The conclusion is made that Russia produces only a basis point of lithium-ion batteries in the world. It is predicted that Russian production of lithium-ion batteries may increase up to 0.2% in the world by 2030.

The reversible insertion of lithium into electrodes based on amorphous boron has been studied. The reversible capacity upon the lithium insertion has been found to be about 750 mA⋅h/g. The most efficient in terms of specific capacity are the electrodes containing graphene as a conductive additive.

Silicon electrodes with regular porous structure were prepared by the photoelectrochemical etching of single-crystal n-type silicon wafers, followed by the removal of the substrate. Electrodes with pores having circular and square section were studied. The porosity was increased via additional oxidation with the subsequent etching of oxide. The electrochemical characteristics of anodes were found to depend on porosity, electrodes with porosity 60-70% possessing maximal capacity for lithium reversible insertion.

It is shown that an examination of reduced galvanostatic charge-discharge curves allows making preliminary conclusion on degradation mechanism upon cycling. If such degradation is due to loss of active material all normalized curves coincide. In the case of insulating films building up normalized curves are shifted along potential axis. Various structure changes result in qualitative change of curves shape.

On basis of analysis of literature data as well as of own experimental results we suggest some regularity for degradation of silicon electrodes upon cycling. It was shown that an electrode capacity Q at n-th cycle can be calculated from equation Q = Q₀ exp(kn+?n²/2), where Q₀ is initial capacity value, k и ? are empiric constants.

In this study, the electrochemical behavior and properties of the novel LiFePO4-based composite cathode material with a water-soluble binder LA-133 and a conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrenesulfonate) as an aqueous dispersion were studied. Using the conductive polymer in combination with a water-soluble binder LA-133 allows to reduce the proportion of electrochemically inactive components (up to 10\%) and thus to increase its specific capacity for a given weight of the active material.

УДК 541.136

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2016-16-1-34-41

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2017-17-1-19-28