Топливные элементы

It is shown, that activation-ohmic items in empirical equations by Shepherd, Khaskina-Danilenko, Shepherd-Dasoyan, Romanov is abnormally describe of activation-ohmic processes at the discharge of accumulators a direct current. New expression U = RI + A ln(BI + 1) matching is offered to experimental data.

It has been shown that while in service of nickel-cadmium accumulators in their electrodes is collects a great amount of hydrogen.

Energy and power characteristics of supercapacitors with aqueous electrolyte and electrodes based on a carbonic material obtained of vegetal raw materials are investigated. Conditions for carbonization of the considered kinds of raw materials as well as a technology of the activation of the carbonized materials are established. It is shown that the activated materials prepared of corn smut and corn stigmas have high energy and power characteristics.

On base of voltammetric and chronovoltametric researches is carried out comparison of energy – power characteristics of electrodes made from single walls carbon nano- tubes (SWCNT) and from meso- porous carbon activated of FAS trade mark. High reversibility the charge processes for SWCNT it is discovered. The value of the interval of electrolyte decomposition potentials for SWCNT in sulfuric acid solutions exceeds 1.4 V. It is offered the power electrochemical superсapacitor, having specific power 20 kW/kg and specific energy 1 Wh/kg.

In order to attain a higher conductivity of phase Li₈ZrO_6, which has the relatively higher conductivity and chemical stability to lithium the effect of substitution of Zr-sublattice was investigated. The homogeneous region of the solid solutions Li₈Zr_{1 – x}Ce_xO₆ was 0 ? x < 0.07.

Using the method of electrochemical noise the processes proceeding on no polarized Li electrode in a stationary condition and during its polarization in different aprotic organic electrolytes are investigated. By the analysis of Li electrode noise characteristics it is confirmed, that electrochemical process at cathodic and anode polarization is localized under passivated film.

The article is about operating features of aluminium-water hydrogen microgenerators designed for use in portable power sources developed in GIHT RAS. Paper presents experimental data on the factors, which have an influence on hydrogen production rate, rate control ways and combined hydrogen microgenerator and air-hydrogen fuel cell stack testing in close to practical work conditions.

To increase structural stability under cycling, LiMn₂O₄ was modified by co-doping with 3d-metals (Co, Ni, Cr, Fe) and lithium. The synthesis of spinels was realized by preliminary mechanical activation of reagent mixture and subsequent heat treatment at 750°С.

The method of thermodynamic simulation was used to establish equilibrium products of chemical interactions in the systems lithium metal – solid electrolyte (SE). Calculations were performed at 25–165^o C for Li₆BeO₄, LiYO₂, LiScO₂, Li₅SiN₃, Li₈SiN₄, Li₃AlN₂, Li₂SO₄, Li₂ZrO₃, Li₄ZrO₄, Li₈ZrO₆ and Li₅AlO₄ solid electrolytes.

Some regularities of the structure formation of carbon-black-dispersed teflon gas diffusion layers of air (oxygen) electrodes of fuel cells and their initial components in process their making have been studied by the high-performance method called Dynamic Desorption Porometry and the BET (at the temperature of liquid nitrogen). The investigated input objects were Acetylene Gas detonation Black (AB) and Ketjen Black (KB). The pore size distribution of initial and hydrophobizated AB, KB and GDL on their base have been obtained.